哥本哈根停车场与屋顶景观|建筑|景观
停车场是城市不可分割的一部分。但是，如何挑战传统停车场的单一功能使用呢？如何打造一个功能性的停车场结构，同时也是一个有吸引力的公共空间？如何创建一个尊重哥本哈根Nordhavn港新开发区的规模、历史和未来的城市文化的大型停车场？Parking houses should be
an integral part of the city. But how can we challenge the monofunctional use of
the conventional parking house? How dowe create a functional parkingstructure,
which is also an attractive public space? And how do we create a large parking
house that respects the scale, history and future urban culture of the new
development area Nordhavn in Copenhagen?
项目The Project
项目的起点是一座传统的停车场结构。任务是创造一个有吸引力的绿色立面和一个鼓励人们使用屋顶的设计。
The starting
point for the competition project was a conventional parking house structure.
The task was to create an attractive green façade and a concept that would
encourage people to use the rooftop.
设计师没有隐藏停车场结构，而是提出了一个概念，以增强结构网格的美感，同时打破其巨大的立面规模。团队将植物箱系统按照网格排列放置，引入了新的尺度，同时也使得建筑的整个立面遍布绿色植物。立面上的植物箱网格被两个大型公共楼梯穿透，楼梯以连续的栏杆相连接，成为屋顶上一个梦幻般的游乐场。从原本的栏杆，演变成了秋千、球笼、丛林体育馆等。从街道上看，栏杆实际上在引导游客，邀请他们前往屋顶观赏哥本哈根港的壮丽景色。
Instead of
concealing the parking structure, we proposed a concept that enhances the
beauty of the structural grid while breaking up the scale of the massive
façade. A system of plant boxes is placed in a rhythm relating to the grid,
which introduces a new scale while also distributing the greenery across the
entire façade. The grid of plant boxes on the facade is then penetrated by two
large public stairs, which have a continuous railing that becomes a fantastic
playground on the rooftop. From being a mere railing it transforms to becoming
swings, ball cages, jungle gyms and more. From street level, the railing
literally takes the visitors by thehand; invites them on a trip to the rooftop
landscape and amazing view of the Copenhagen Harbour.
结构Structure
项目基于标准的预定义混凝土结构。作为第二层，设计师建议成为通用的多层停车场顶部的活动过滤器。该结构具有合理和工业粗糙的特点，与该地区的精神和历史相符。然而，传统的混凝土停车结构可能会显得冷而硬。作为该地区红砖特征的自然延续，设计师提出对混凝土结构进行红色着色。通过这种简单的改变，灰色框架被转化为独特的建筑结构，通过其材料和表面散发出温暖和亲密感，与红色屋顶瓦片和砖块主导的环境相协调。
This project is based on a standard,
pre-defined concrete structure. As a second layer, our proposal becomes the
active filter on top of a generic, multi level car park. The structure has a
rational and industrial crudeness, which suits the area’s spirit and history;
however, the traditional concrete parking structure can appear cold and hard.
As a natural continuation of the area’s red brick identity, we propose a red
colouring of the concrete structure. With this simple measure, the grey frame
is transformed into a unique building structure, which radiates warmth and
intimacy through its materiality and surface, in harmony with the surroundings
that are dominated by red roof tiles and bricks.
绿色立面The
green façade
建筑将在紧凑的城市环境中创建一座大体量，并且由于它靠近周围的城市空间，因此停车场将主要从近距离观看。为了给大型建筑提供一定尺度，设计师提出立体绿化方案，绿色结构将与后方的建筑相互作用。
The building will be a large volume in
a compact, urban setting, and because of its proximity to the surrounding urban
spaces, the parking house will predominately be seen from close-up. To provide
scale to the large building, we propose planted façades where a green structure
interacts with the building behind.
绿色立面由植物“货架系统”组成，与停车结构相匹配，并与后面柱子的疏密相互作用。植物箱引入规模和深度，为立面提供了疏密节奏。植物箱的放置遵循停车场的网格结构，每隔一列就交错地放置一个箱子。植物箱系统为立面带来了深度和动态感，同时也与邻近建筑的比例和细节相匹配。
The green
façade is made up of a plant “shelving system”, which emphasises the parking
structure and interacts with the rhythm of columns behind. Plant boxes introduce
scale and depth, and provide rhythm to the façade. The placement of plant boxes
follows the grid of the parking house, and there is a box placed in a staggered
rhythm for every second column, in the full height of the building. The system
of plant boxes brings depth and dynamic to the façade, while also matching the neighbouring
buildings’ proportions and detailing.
▽立面
楼梯与屋顶The staircase and the roof
活动停车场的基本原则是为当地居民和游客提供无障碍和娱乐性的屋顶空间。因此，在创建活动屋顶时，可见性和可达性至关重要。设计师在通往开放式广场的楼梯在街道和屋顶之间提供了对角线连接，并邀请人们沿着立面向上走。楼梯的路线遵循建筑的结构节奏，每个平台都可以欣赏到周围的城市空间，在屋顶可以欣赏哥本哈根的风景。
The basic
principle of an active parking house is the idea of an accessible and
recreational roof offered to local inhabitants and visitors alike. Visibility
and accessibility are therefore essential when creating a living roof. A
staircase towards the open square provides a diagonal connection between
street- and roof level, and invites people to ascend along the façade. The
course of the staircase follows the building’s structural rhythm, and each
landing provides a view across the surrounding urban spaces and at the top, a
view to the roofs of Copenhagen.
▽楼梯细节
▽屋顶
红线区域The red thread
红线是穿过停车场公共空间的实体引导，将游客从街道层引导过来，如同一个雕塑指引，它几乎抓住游客的手，将他们沿着楼梯引导到顶部，穿过屋顶上的活动景观。在这里，它提供体验，休息空间，游乐区和空间多样性。沿着红线的活动是传统的，如秋千，攀岩雕塑等，但也有更多的建筑元素，如围栏和植物，强调或区分出不同的空间，同时提供休憩空间。
The red thread
is a physical guide through the parking structure’s public spaces, which leads
the visitor from street level, where the guide is introduced as a handrail on
the staircase. As a sculptural guide it almost literally takes the visitor by
the hand, and leads along the stairs to the top and through the activity
landscape on the roof. Here, it becomes a sculpture and offers experiences,
resting spaces, play areas and spatial diversity. Activities along the red
thread are traditional such as swings, climbing sculptures etc., but also more
architectural elements such as fencing and plants, which emphasises or
establishes spaces while providing shelter from the weather.
▽红线划分出了各类空间
▽孩子们的游乐场
▽平面图
▽结构细节
INFO:
Architect:JAJA Architects,
Copenhagen (www.ja-ja.dk)
Client:CPH City &Port Development
Program:Green facade and activity
landscape on roof
Size:+2,400 m2 (roof) +4,800 m2
(façade), parking for 485 cars + 10 mc
Location:Copenhagen,
DK
Year:2014 - 2016
Type:Invited competition, 1.
prize
CollaborationDesign Team:Søren Jensen Ingeniør, RAMA Studio, LOA, DGI
CollaborationContractorTeam:5e byg, Aarstiderne Arkitekter, Ingeniør’ne
Nominations:EU Mies van der Rohe
Award 2017, Store Arne pris 2016, WAN Adaptive Reuse Award 2016, Best
Refurbished Building MIPIM 2017, ArchDaily Building of the Year 2018 – Public
Architecture category
Service:Main consultant on
architecture and landscape
Status:Completed
Photographer: Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST
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