太原植物园|DMAA
项目的目标是将一个前采煤区改造成一个景观公园，它不仅是在中国至关重要的景观设计的典范，而且还包含一个可用于研究和向人们提供自然生态系统的访问和信息的建筑基础设施。在城市中或靠近城市的地方创建高质量的休闲区，并找到控制由此产生的大量游客的方法，这种政治上的需求构成了定义空间方案的基础。这不仅设想了创建景观公园本身，还设想了建造一个中央入口建筑，其中包括一个自然博物馆和行政设施、三个温室、一个餐厅、一个盆景博物馆和一个带有图书馆和员工宿舍的相关研究中心。The project was launched with the ambitious objective of transforming a former coal-mining area into a landscape park, which is not only a model for the landscape design that is so essential in China, but also contains a building infrastructure that can be used for researching into and offering people access to and information about natural ecosystems. The politically stated need to create high-quality leisure areas in or close to cities and to find ways of controlling the resulting large numbers of visitors formed the basis for the definition of a spatial programme. This envisaged not only the creation of the landscape park itself, but also the construction of a central entrance building with a nature museum and administration facility, three greenhouses, a restaurant, a bonsai museum and a related research centre with a library and staff accommodation.
▼项目视频 Video
https://v.qq.com/txp/iframe/player.html?vid=o32537jbfsb
这些建筑的核心部分非常精确地嵌入到建模的地形中，包括三个温室，它们被实现为三个半球形的木格子穹顶。这些温室的建造需要在能源设计、热性能、结构完整性和玻璃以及装配和物流等领域汇集技术知识。三个穹顶中最宽的一个自由跨度超过90米，是全球最大的此类结构之一。所有三个穹顶都由双曲面层压木梁组成，这些木梁分两层或三层相交排列。穹顶的玻璃是双曲面玻璃，其中一些包括可开启的窗户。木质结构的主梁从上面看就像贝壳，在基地的北侧紧密地组合在一起，并向南倾斜，形成了结构上不同的半透明性，优化了太阳增益。对当地气候条件的详细了解、结构内部的热需求以及结构效率和合适的建筑资源的可用性是成功地将生态足迹降至最低的关键参数。
The centrepiece of the buildings, which are very precisely inserted into the modelled topography, consists of three greenhouses, which were realised as three hemispherical timber lattice domes. The construction of these greenhouses required the pooling of technical knowhow in the areas of energy design, thermal performance, structural integrity and glazing as well as assembly and logistics. With a free span of over 90 metres, the broadest of the three domes is one of the largest such timber lattice structures worldwide. All three domes consist of double-curved laminated timber beams, which are arranged in two or three intersecting layers. The domes are glazed with double-curved panes of glass, some of which include openable windows. The main beams of the timber structures that, from above, resemble shells, are tightly bunched together on the north side of the base and fan out towards the south, creating a structurally varied translucency that optimises the solar gain. A detailed knowledge of local climatic conditions, the thermal demands inside the structure and the structural efficiency and availability of suitable constructional resources were key parameters for successfully minimising the ecological footprint.
DMAA很早就决定在这个项目中尽可能广泛地使用木材，这不仅允许广泛的预制，而且还允许高质量的执行，同时也打开了潜在的历史的关联。
DMAA’s very early decision to use timber as widely as possible in this project permitted not only extensive prefabrication but also a high quality of execution, while also opening up a rich seam of potential historical associations.
通过一个大院子从到达入口建筑，引导游客通过一个开放的楼梯，穿过石板上的一个圆形开口，来到一个巨大的屋顶平台，从这里他们可以俯瞰整个公园，并意识到该建筑作为建筑和景观之间接口的双重功能。悬臂式观景台耸立在公园中心的水面上，将游客引向植物园的三个温室。
The entrance building, which is approached from the access road via a large courtyard, leads visitors via an open stair that passes through a circular opening in the slab onto a huge roof terrace, from which they can oversee the entire park and become aware of the building’s twin function as an interface between architecture and landscape. The cantilevered viewing platform soars above the area of water at the heart of the park and directs visitors towards the three greenhouses in the botanical gardens.
盆景博物馆的梯田以同心圆的方式布置，为这种精确展示古代远东园林艺术的方式提供了建筑框架。游客所走的道路反映了驯化自然景观的原则。就像温室强大的穹顶一样，盆景博物馆的基地也与景观的模型地形和水池的表面发生动态反应。
The terraces of the bonsai museum, which are laid out in concentric circles, provide the constructional framework for this precise presentation of an ancient Far Eastern aspect of Garden Art. The path taken by visitors reflects the principle of a domesticated natural landscape. Just like the mighty domes of the greenhouses, the base of the bonsai museum also reacts dynamically with the modelled topography of the landscape and the surface of the pool.
研究中心包含实验室、工作室、办公楼、车间、会议室、演讲室和图书馆，并被分解成若干大小不一的展馆，这些展馆由底层的一个共同连接块连接在一起。
The research centre contains laboratories, studios, office buildings, workshops, meeting rooms, lecture rooms and a library and is broken down into a number of pavilions of different sizes, which are linked together by a common connecting block at ground floor level.
整体概念的雕塑性衔接是基于中国传统的木制屋顶结构，它试图通过重新解释其结构和几何逻辑来实现这一目标。该餐厅和茶馆是应用堆积和交织的承重层的原则的一个完美例子，通过增加或删除靠近支撑或边缘的层来创造阶梯和规模，以及玩弄结构和空间之间的比例关系。
The sculptural articulation of the overall concept is based on traditional Chinese timber roof structures, which it attempts to do justice to by reinterpreting their structural and geometrical logic. The restaurant and tea house is a perfect example of the application of the principles of piled and interwoven load-bearing layers, of creating steps and scale by adding or removing layers close to supports or edges and of playing with proportional relationships between structure and space.
内部和外部之间的持续对话以及建筑与景观之间界面的微妙衔接反映在景观公园的雕塑造型上，它与建筑基础设施有机地融合在一起。
The constant dialogue between inside and outside and the architecturally subtle articulation of the interface between architecture and landscape are reflected in the sculptural modelling of the landscape park, which merges organically with the built infrastructure.
Project: Taiyuan Botanical Garden
Category: Landscape,Museum, Restaurant
Address: Jinyuan District,Taiyuan City, China
Start of planning: 2015
Completion: 2021
Gross surface area: 54.600 m²
Construction volume: 329.861,00 m³
Site area: 182 hectares
Project manager: Sebastian Brunke, Diogo Teixeira
Project team: Maria Dirnberger, Volker Gessendorfer, Bernd Heger, Tom Peter-Hindelang, Klara Jörg, Rangel Karaivanov, Leonard Kern, Kinga Kwasny, Toni Nachev, Martin Schneider, Petras Vestartas
Client: Botanical Garden Taiyuan
CONSULTANTS Coordination: Yiju Ding
Photographer: CreatAR
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