项目位于古都西安的市中心，占约41公顷（101英亩）属于低维护的城市公园。
Turenscape : In the center of China’s ancient capital, Xi’an, a large, low-maintenance, 101-acre.
▽项目 Video
1、项目简介 Project Statement
公园可承载丰富多样的城市活动，场地地下是一处考古遗址，时间可追溯到汉朝。历史文化遗产保护条例对场地的限制苛刻，不仅限制对场地的过度干扰，同时禁止深根性植物的种植。基于场地的现状和对地下文物的保护，39个口袋花园应运而生。花园由竹丛包围而成，底部是回收的建筑垃圾。这样设计的城市绿心不仅为各种相互冲突的活动创造了独立的空间，也为原本令人生畏的大型开放空间带来了人性化的尺度，成为了一个真正充满活力的城市绿心，将日常生活融入人工自然，同时将神秘的古城遗址保护在地下。
The park was built to accommodate a wide array of public uses and to protect an underlying archeological site dating back to the Han Dynasty and before. Guided by heritage-protection regulations that prohibit excessive ground disturbance and deep-rooted plants, clusters of themed gardens were designed, each in an enclosure made of recycled urban debris and bamboo. Such a designed urban oasis not only created independent spaces for various otherwise-conflicting activities, but also brought a human scale to the otherwise forbiddingly large open space. The result is a truly lively urban oasis that blends everyday life into designed nature while keeping an archeological mystery safely hidden below.
▽公园鸟瞰 Aerial view
2、目标与挑战 Site Challenges and Objectives
今天的西安是一个拥有1000多万人口的特大城市，但在过去1100多年的时间里，它曾是13个朝代的首都。一些考古遗址散落在这座城市的各个角落，部分遗迹甚至可以追溯到7000年前。当然，城市发展是不可避免的，但考古遗迹的保护也同样重要——这给城市规划和景观设计提出了巨大的挑战。在这种背景下，明智的城市规划保留了考古遗址上方的开放空间，同时允许其周围的城市发展。
Today, Xi’an is a megacity with a population of over 10 million, but in the past it was the capital of some 13 dynasties over a span of more than 1,100 years. Archeological sites, some of which date back 7,000 years, are scattered throughout the city. Urban development is, of course, inevitable, but the protection of archeological relics is equally important—which raises an enormous challenge for urbanism and landscape architecture. In this context, smart urban planning preserves open spaces above archaeological sites while allowing urban development around them.
雁南公园一期占地41公顷(101英亩)，周围是蓬勃发展的城市中心，场地地上遍布被拆除的建筑留下的尘土和碎片，场地地下的历史遗迹具有丰富的历史沿革和重要的文物价值。初步调查发现了25座古墓和其他考古遗址，可追溯到新石器时代的仰韶文化，当局决定就地保护。地上近一半的场地被指定为敏感保护区，其余部分沿其边缘有一个混凝土排水通道，陡峭的斜坡下降约10~15米。城市的排水系统因雨污合流受到严重污染。除了紧张的工期和每平方米300元的有限预算外，设计团队还面临着三个主要挑战:
历史保护——禁止场地过度干预和深根性植物种植：为了保护历史遗迹，文物部门限制了地下30cm及以下空间的任何开发使用，并且限制了深根性植物的种植和使用。
城市休闲——容纳多种城市活动的公共空间：一项设计前的社区调查显示，市民对公共空间的需求很大，人们需要各种各样的有时相互冲突的娱乐活动，包括慢跑、骑自行车、扭秧歌、儿童游戏和家庭聚会、野营、遛狗、老人聚会和放风筝等。如何在一个公园内满足如此多样化的使用需求是一个重大的挑战。
人性化尺度——大型开放空间里的人性尺度：在市中心，41公顷的空地是一个令人生畏的尺度，如何从使用者角度出发，构造人性化的尺度，提供亲切舒适空间体验是设计的另一个重要挑战。
Surrounded by the booming urban heart of the city, and covered with dirt and debris from demolished buildings, the site of Yannan Park Phase-1 is 41 hectares (101 acres) in size and was designated as an archeological site with significant historical values and rich ancient relics underneath. A preliminary investigation discovered 25 ancient tombs and other archeological sites dating from the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) back to the Neolithic Yangshao Culture, which authorities decided to protect in place. About half of the site, on higher ground, was designated as a sensitive protected area. The rest of the site has a concrete drainage channel running along its edge, with a steep slope dropping about 10~15 meters (33~50 feet). The urban drainage is heavily contaminated. In addition to a tight schedule and a limited budget of US $50 per square meter (about $5 per square foot), we were confronted with three major challenges:
No excessive ground disturbance or deep-rooted plants: In order to avoid damage to the archeological resources, the city’s cultural heritage authority ruled out any excavation deeper than 30 cm (about one foot) and the use of any woody plants that have a deep root system.
Accommodating diverse uses: A pre-design community survey suggested huge demand for public spaces that can accommodate diverse and sometimes conflicting recreational activities, including jogging, cycling, Yangge dance (a popular form of local folk dance in Xi’an), children’s play and family gatherings, camping, dog walking, gathering of elders and kite flying, among other activities. Fulfilling such diverse use demands within a single park is a significant challenge.
Bringing a human scale to a large open space: 101 acres is quite a large area in the middle of the city, and the creation of a diversity of experiences at a human scale was another significant challenge.
▽设计分析 Design and analysis
3、设计策略：漂浮的宝箱 Design Strategies: Floating Treasure Boxes
为解决上述场地问题并达成设计目标，提出以下设计策略：
3.1可消纳建筑垃圾的漂浮花园 Floating gardens sculpted by recycling urban debris on site
为了避免开挖和深根性植物，景观地形的塑造采用现场回收的土方和建筑垃圾，形成1~3米高的景观地形，这是浅根竹子密集生长的理想栖息地。竹墙形成了直径10-70米的围合空间。每个围合空间构成一个漂浮花园，由主题宿根花卉和地被植物构成独特的植物景观。
In addressing the above site challenges and to achieve the project objectives, the following design strategies were developed:
To avoid any digging and deep-rooted woody plants and structures, the fill, composed of dirt and urban construction debris, was recycled on site to create raised walls of 1~3 meters (3.3~9.8 feet) high, which are ideal habitats for shallow-rooted bamboo to grow densely. The bamboo walls form spatial enclosures ranging from 10 ~70 meters (33~230 feet) in diameter. Each garden has a unique ground cover composed of perennial herbs and grasses, with unique colors, and is themed differently.
▽公园局部鸟瞰 Aerial view
▽漂浮花园 Floating garden
3.2可容纳丰富活动的花园系统 A matrix of themed gardens accommodating diverse programs
围绕中央草坪，场地内共39个口袋花园，以容纳不同的用途和活动，构成丰富的、可达的公共空间。口袋花园包括10米 、20米、50-70米三个内径规模等级。一些口袋花园被设计成扭秧歌舞蹈和音乐的圆形剧场，中间有一个舞台，周围由长凳围合，为市民文艺提供可能；两个离入口较近的花园是儿童游乐场，为亲子活动提供可能；有些口袋花园作为宿根花园、草药园，为冥想创造一个宁静、身临其境的空间提供可能。每个花园的种植和构筑独具特色。花园围栏狭窄的入口创造了一种神秘的气氛，引人入胜。
Altogether, 39 pocket gardens were created to accommodate diverse uses and activities, leaving a central lawn open as a universally accessible urban common. Some pocket gardens were designed as amphitheaters for Yangge dancing and music, with a stage in the middle encircled with benches; two gardens at more-easily accessible sites have been designed as children’s playgrounds; some pockets are for selected herbs that create a tranquil, immersive space for meditation. Each garden is planted and equipped differently. Narrow entrances to the garden enclosures create an air of mystery and invite visitors to explore the landscape.
▽圆形剧场 Amphitheater
▽亲子活动空间 Parent-child activity space
▽草药园 The herb garden
3.3可创造沉浸式体验的路网系统 A web of paths creating various immersive experiences
为了兼顾公众的可达性和安全性、空间的弹性和朝向以及空间探索的体验性，一套独特的景观路网应运而生。两条花廊作为公园的交通主干道，可以保证游客的最便捷的通行，同时攀援的花卉为行人提供必要的遮荫。环绕公园的自行车道和慢跑道也作为公园次干路，连接所有的服务设施。道路系统还包含一些复合道路，平行的自行车道中间由植物分隔，以满足大型游客通过的场景，同时仍能提供身临其境的城市自然体验。沿着公园高地边缘的空中步道可以让游客欣赏城市的天际线。
To balance the concerns of public accessibility and safety, eligibility and orientation of the spaces and explorative quality, a web of paths was designed to connect each of the gardens. Two major paths were designed as flower corridors that allow shortcuts across the park as well as provide shade. A cycling and jogging path encircling the park also functions as a service road and connects all the service facilities. Instead of a single lane of wide pavement, some of the paths are composed of parallel sub-lanes with plants in between to accommodate large influxes of visitors while still providing an immersive urban nature experience. A skywalk running along the edge of the park’s high ground allows visitors to enjoy the city skyline.
▽两条贯穿全园的藤本花廊 Two wicker verandas run through the garden
▽慢跑道 jogging
3.4 台地和低维护景观 Terraces and low-maintenance vegetation to transform the concrete drainage channel
为了消解场地到排水沟的陡峭地形，地形设计采用了台地的形式；通过对旧建筑材料的回收再利用，达到构建低成本低维护景观的目的。就地回收的石头和瓦片被用来建造挡土墙，有些台地作为人工湿地，过滤富营养化的水体。低维护的植被景观在场地中广泛应用，还自然于城市。
To soften the steep slope down to the drainage channel, planted terraces were built; Old building materials including stones and tiles are used to build the retaining walls. Some terraces are constructed wetlands that filter nutrient-rich drainage water. Low-maintenance vegetation is widely used to bring nature back to city.
▽净水台地区 Water purification station area
4、结论 Conclusion
雁南公园的建设立即获得了成功。公园的中央草坪最受市民欢迎，人们经常在边缘扎营;情侣们沿着淹没在原生草地中的小径漫步；老人们带着孙子孙女满怀期待的探索这片“凌乱”的草地。
The park proved an immediate success. In the central common, people frequently camp at the edges; couples walk along the paths submerged among the native meadow; and grandparents accompany their grandchildren as they explore the “messy” meadow.
▽在花园草地休憩游走的居民 Residents lounging on the garden lawn
在口袋花园里，草本花园吸引着好奇的年轻探索自然奥秘；小朋友们在儿童乐园玩得不亦乐乎，家长在长凳上边看孩子边聊天；老人们围成一圈坐在长凳上看秧歌；音乐爱好者在亭子里演奏乐器。
In the pocket spaces, herb gardens are hidden mysteries that attract curious youngsters; children enjoy themselves on the playgrounds as their parents look on from the circular benches; elders sit in circle on a bench watching Yangge dancing; and music lovers play their instruments in the pavilions.
▽在花园廊架长凳中享受自然与音乐带来的美好 Enjoy nature and music on benches in the garden
在小路上，慢跑者沿着环形路线享受身临其境的自然环境；一家人悠闲地走在空中步道上，一边是城市的自然风光，另一边是不断发展的城市。在众多的特质中，这个历史遗迹上的城市绿心达到了形式一致性、功能复杂性、空间辨识性、氛围神秘性四者统一。
On the paths, joggers enjoy the immersive natural setting along the circular route; families leisurely walk together on the skywalk, with urban nature on one side and the growing city on the other. Among many celebrated features, this urban nature oasis is intended as a balance of the four qualities of landscape configuration: coherence, complexity, legibility and mystery.
▽空中步道 Skywalk
项目名称：西安雁南生态公园
项目类别：景观、规划
项目阶段：城市公园与绿地
项目地点：中国，陕西省，西安市
项目规模：面积121公顷
设计时间：2016年3月
委托方：西安市雁塔区基础设施建设投资管理有限公司
设计部门：土人设计
首席设计师：俞孔坚
项目负责人：林国雄、杨学宾
设计人员：林国雄、杨学宾、李新宇、张洁、王萌、王冰、赵院波、姜宇亮、林涵、张喻、刘倩颖
Project Name: Xi’an Yannan Park
Project category: Landscape, planning
Project stage: Urban park and green space
Project Location: China, Shaanxi Province, Xi’an City
Project Scale: Area of 121 hectares
Design time: March 2016
Client: Xi’an Yanta District Infrastructure Construction Investment Management Co., Ltd.
Design Department: Turenscape
Chief Designer: Yu Kongjian
Project leaders: Lin Guoxiong, Yang Xuebing
Designers: Lin Guoxiong, Yang Xuebin, Li Xinyu, Zhang Jie, Wang Meng, Wang Bing, Zhao Yuanbo, Jiang Yuliang, Lin Han, Zhang Yu, Liu Qianying
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