时光草坪公园位于深圳改革开放试验地——蛇口，场地原是一个地表裸露、林木杂乱的闲置场地，也是社区高密度空间下唯一的户外开放场所。它的重建使居民文化生活得到显著的提升，并重新连接了社区居民的交往，大大激发了社区活力。
SED: Time lawn park is located inShekou, the experimental site of Reform and Opening up in Shenzhen. The sitewas originally an idle site with bare surface and disordered trees. It is alsothe only outdoor open place in a high-density community. Its reconstruction hassignificantly improved the cultural life of local residents, reconnected andrevitalized the community.
项目将再生材料重新回用于各类设施，有效帮助城市碳减排。地下海绵设施和分布各处的雨水花园，为公园提供了雨水循环利用系统，同时还保留了原有7棵生长超过40年的大榕树及其他14个品种的乔木共计271棵，通过植物搭配改善了微气候环境，亦为居民提供了疫情、地震、暴雨等不可抗灾害的避难场所，重塑了一个生态、韧性、健康、活力的公共空间。
The project will reuse recycled materials forvarious facilities to effectively contribute urban carbon emission reduction.Underground Sponge City measures and rain gardens on-site provide the park witha rainwater recycling system. At the same time, 271 original 7 banyan trees and14 other species of trees that have grown for more than 40 years are retainedin the park. Through plant matching, the microclimate environment is improved,and residents are provided with a safe space against disasters such as epidemicdiseases, earthquakes and rainstorms, reshaping an ecological resilient,healthy and vibrant public space.
项目背景 Project Backgroup
时光草坪公园位于深圳改革开放试验地——蛇口，占地面积约25000.0㎡。周边被上世纪八十年代的老旧小区和城中村包围，以本地老居民为主，有少量的外来移民。原本社区人口稠密，但由于公共活动空间日渐匮乏，公共环境堪忧，近年来居民开始逐步搬离该社区。
设计开展前，在业主单位的帮助下，我们全面收集了场地现状各类管线和地形资料，清点现有林木并对其进行精准定位，重点对场地使用者不同时间段行为活动进行调研。
Time lawn park is located inShekou, the experimental site of reform and opening up in Shenzhen, covering anarea of about 25000 square meters. Surrounded by old communities and villagesconstructed back in the 1980s, it is home to mostly local old residents and asmall number of immigrants. Originally, the community was densely populated,but residents began to move away from the community gradually in recent yearsdue to lack of public activity space and the worrying public environment.
Before the design kickoff, with the help of the owner, we comprehensivelycollected all kinds of pipeline and topographic data of the current site,counted the existing trees and accurately positioned them, focusing on thebehavior and activities of site users in different time periods.
▽公园原貌树木精准定位 Precise Location of Existing Vegetation in the Park
采访群众83名
观察时间为周二、四早7:30-晚9:30
Interviewed 83 local residents
Observation time: Tuesday, Thursday 7:30 a.m. – 9:30 p.m.
▽项目设计团队采访实录 Design Team Interview
我们发现场地内树木长势良好，但由于浓荫遮蔽导致地表植被无法充分吸收阳光，因此常年黄土裸露。场地未经过任何人工设计，仅有一条被踩出来的小路被铺上简单的砖石，从西侧学校斜穿整个公园，连接东南侧住区入口。
每天放学高峰，接送的人流无处疏散，阻滞外围机动交通。居民告诉我们，很多在此生活了三十几年的原住民目前正陆续搬离，因为政府一直没为这里提供任何的公共环境建设，原本居民喜好的歌舞、戏曲、游戏、棋牌等文化活动空间都被城市开发挤压，社区正在持续衰败。
We found thatthe trees in the site grow well, but the surface vegetation cannot fully absorbthe sun due to the shade, so the loess is exposed all year round. The site hasnot undergone any manual design. Only a stepped path is paved with simplebricks and stones, which obliquely crosses the whole park from the west schooland connects the entrance of the residential area in the southeast.
During therush hour after school every day, people have great difficulty move around inthis space, which also causes challenges to the surrounding public traffic.Residents tell us that many aborigines who have lived here for more than 30years are moving away one after another because the government has not providedany public environment construction here. The cultural activity space such assong and dance, opera, games, chess and cards that the original residents likeare squeezed by urban development, and the community is continuing to decline.
▽项目地形勘察分析 Project Environment Survey Analysis
因此我们决定以保留蛇口记忆为切入点，通过恢复生态，梳理交通，重塑空间、植入功能来重新激活社区的活力，我们注重延续并引导居民的使用习惯，保留原有场地记忆的同时，提供更多的弹性空间，让使用者发挥自己的想象力在其间创造活动，自发形成交往行为。原有7棵生长超过40年的大榕树在本次重建当中被完全保留了下来。
Therefore, we decided to takethe retention of Shekou memory as the starting point to reactivate the vitalityof the community by restoring ecology, combing traffic, reshaping space andimplanting functions. We pay attention to continuing and guiding residents’ livingstyle, providing more elastic space while retaining the original site memory.As a result, local residents can use their imagination to create activities andcommunicational behaviors. Theoriginal seven banyan trees that have grown for more than 40 years have beencompletely preserved in this reconstruction.
另外，我们通过地表的修复和植物的重新搭配来改善微生态环境，公园内部游乐健身设施大量采用了环保材料，均由海里打捞的废弃渔网和旧衣物经过工艺处理压制而成，有效帮助城市碳减排。这些举措让一个韧性、生态、健康、活跃的社区公园逐步呈现在我们眼前。
In addition, we improve themicro-ecological environment through the restoration of the surface and the redesignof plants. A large number of environmental protection materials are used in theamusement and fitness facilities in the park, which are made of waste fishingnets and old clothes salvaged in the sea through technological treatment, whichcan effectively help the City reduce carbon emission. These measures make aresilient, ecological, healthy and active community park gradually appear infront of us.
设计策略 Design Strategy
可呼吸可渗透的绿地公园 | A Breathing Resilient Green Park
通过设计激发使用者的探索乐趣，传递低碳可持续价值。公园修复了1.5万.0㎡破碎地表生境，让裸露及硬化的土地重新自由呼吸。保留的263棵乔木及补种的192棵花乔木，每年吸收二氧化碳可达7.9吨。
Encourage on-site exploration through design and deliverlow-carbon sustainable value. The park has restored 15000 of broken surface habitat, allowing the bareand hardened land to breathe freely again. The 263 trees retained and 192flowering trees replanted can absorb 7.9 tons of carbon dioxide every year.
以海绵为特色的公园，利用原有地形高差，塑造生态台地、旱溪、下凹花园等自然游憩空间，为城市及社区提供更具综合效益的公园绿地。种植床采用喷灌系统进行灌溉，方便控制地表径流对地面的荷载。公园内草坪、植被和广场不透水铺装比，增加了50%以上的渗透率。另外，植草沟吸纳雨水、蓄渗雨水，有效控制场地内的雨水径流，蓄水系统可以从公园的路基和其它透水区收集净化回用水高达4500升，实现自然积存、自然渗透、自然净化的海绵城市发展方式。建构自然生态系统，为场地生物提供生长环境，唤醒人们对自然的尊重。
The park with Sponge City measures uses the elevation difference of theoriginal terrain to create natural recreation spaces such as ecologicalplatform, dry creek and concave garden, so as to provide more comprehensivepark green space for cities and communities. The planting bed is irrigated bysprinkler irrigation system, which is convenient to control the load of surfacerunoff on the ground. The ratio between impermeable pavements to lawn,vegetation in the park has increased by more than 50%. In addition, the grassplanting ditch absorbs rainwater, stores and infiltrates water, and effectivelycontrols the two kinds of water runoff in the site. The water storage systemcan collect up to 4500 liters of purified reclaimed water from the subgrade andother permeable areas of the park, so as to realize the development mode ofsponge city with natural accumulation, natural infiltration and naturalpurification. Build a natural ecosystem, provide a growth environment for siteorganisms, and awaken people’s respect for nature.
舒适宜人的微气候环境 | An Ideal Micro-climate
我们对场地空间的方位进行合理的规划，以避免在温热的南方滨海环境中过多遭受阳光直射，针对城市主导风向的设计也提升了空间的通风效果。同时我们通过科学选植树种，种植设计来降低场地的热量，并控制气流的速度，有助于为场地降温，补植的乔木冠幅标准为5m-6m。胸径标准为23cm-24cm，确保在夏季主要道路上形成60%的遮阴。冬季确保落叶乔木（风铃木）对场地阳光不产生遮挡，令使用者在一年的绝大部分时间里享受舒适的体感。
We make reasonable planning for the location of the site spaceto avoid too much direct sunlight in the warm southern coastal environment. Thedesign for the dominant wind direction of the city also improves theventilation effect of the space. At the same time, through scientific selectionof tree species and planting design, we can reduce the heat of the site andcontrol the speed of air flow, which is helpful to cool the site. The crownwidth of trees replanted is 5m-6m. The DBH standard is 23cm-24cm, ensuring 60%shade on the main roads in summer. Ensure that deciduous trees (Suzuki) do notblock the sunshine of the site in winter. Let children and adults embrace thesunshine in cold winter, so that users can enjoy a comfortable body feeling formost of the year.
水可以产生降温作用，但水分过多则会带来负面影响。亚热带海洋季风气候在夏季过于燥热，我们设计了一处互动水景以保证儿童在游戏过程中能适度降温。为使用者营造舒适的微气候环境。
Water can have a cooling effect, but too much water will have anegative impact. The Subtropical Ocean monsoon climate is too dry and hot insummer. We have designed an interactive waterscape to ensure that children cancool down moderately during the game creating a comfortable microclimateenvironment for users.
具有弹性的活力空间 | A Flexible Activity Space
在未来多功能、高密度社区的背景下，我们在设计之初即将街道、公园、住区和学校作为一个整体系统来研究，我们发现不同年龄段的孩子和退休老人是社区公园活动的主要群体，通过运动健康激活邻里社交，织补城市服务功能，开辟老年健身区、弹性交往区、婴幼儿感官练习区、无动力儿童乐园、居民活动草坪等。
In the context of multi-functional and high-density communitiesin the future, we studied the streets, parks, residential areas and schools asa whole system at the beginning of the design. We found that children andretirees of different ages are the main groups of community park activities.Through sports and health, we can activate neighborhood social networking,supplement urban service functions, and open up fitness areas for the elderly,flexible communication areas Infant sensory training area, unpowered children’sparadise, residential activity lawn, etc.
这些空间通过形态和色彩营造的氛围，促发居民可按即兴的交往活动需求进行创造性的使用，因而也令设计师看到了场地设计更多的可能性。
Through the atmosphere created by form and color, these spacespromote residents to use creatively according to the needs of impromptucommunication activities, which also makes designers see more possibilities ofsite design.
唤醒社区的凝聚力 | Evoke Community Unity
随着项目交付设计师协同社区管理者在业主单位引导下，以公园作为载体开展了多场自然教育、游戏竞赛、全民健身、民间艺术表演等活动。至此，人们仍在不停探索和开发它的新功能。最令人欣喜的是，开放之后，原本因为环境逼仄和破败而搬离该社区的居民，又陆续重新回到这里生活，并在此自发组织各种文化艺术活动，蛇口居民再次对他们生活了四十年的社区充满了期待。
With the delivery of the project, the designer, together withthe community manager and under the guidance of local property owners, took thepark as the carrier to carry out many activities such as nature education, gamecompetition, public fitness, folk art performance and so on. So far, people arestill exploring and developing its new functions. The most gratifying thing isthat after the opening up, the residents who originally moved out of thecommunity because of the narrow and dilapidated environment have returned tolive here one after another and spontaneously organized various cultural andartistic activities here. Shekou residents are full of expectations for thecommunity they have lived in for 40 years.
项目名：深圳招北社区公园
项目地点：广东深圳
开发商：深圳市南山区城市管理和综合执法局
项目类型：景观都市环境
项目面积：约25000.0㎡
景观设计：SED新西林景观国际
设计团队：黄剑锋 黄蕾 王碧 黄浩流 黄煜超 王哲 陈学思 张黎 石一棋 曾斌 苏达科 黄浩 沈晓琳 陈伟国 毛忠永
关键词：社区公园、复合功能、绿色生态、蛇口记忆
Project name: Time Lawn Park of Shekou
Location: Shenzhen, Guangdong
Developer: Shenzhen Nanshan District Urban Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau
Project type: Landscape urban environment
Project area: about 25,000 square meters
Landscape design: SED Landscape
Design team: Huang Jianfeng, Huang Lei, Wang Bi, Huang Haoliu, Huang Yuchao, Wang Zhe, Chen Xuesi, Zhang Lishi, Yi Qi, Zeng Bin, Su Dakke, Huang Hao, Shen Xiaolin, Chen Weiguo, MAO Zhongyong
Key words: community park, compound function, green ecology, Shekou memory
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