于气候的变化，造成了海平面上升、风暴潮和意外的暴雨，世界各地的低洼城市正在为城市洪灾做准备。因为混凝土基础设施成倍增加，每年曼谷都会下沉2厘米。经过30年的快速发展，位于曼谷市中心的一块珍贵的土地，一个11占地英亩，1.3公里长的大道首次没有成为商业用途，而是变成了一座公园。2017年在曼谷建成的朱拉隆功百年公园是第一个重要的绿色基础设施，旨在缓解不利的生态问题，降低城市洪灾风险。借助重力的作用，公园可以收集、处理和维持径流，并且能够不浪费一滴雨水，在暴雨中，公园可以容纳100万加仑的水。
As our constantly-fluctuating climate causes rising sea levels, storm surges, and unexpectedly heavy rainfall, low-lying cities across the globe are bracing for urban flooding disaster. As concrete infrastructure multiplies, Bangkok is sinking two centimeters every year. For the first time in 30 years of rapid urban development, an invaluable property at the heart of Bangkok—11 acres of land and 1.3 kilometers avenue — was not turned into another commercial use. Instead, it is transformed into a public park. Opened in 2017, Chulalongkorn Centenary Park is the first critical piece of green infrastructure in Bangkok to mitigate detrimental ecological issues and reduce urban flood disaster risk. By harnessing the power of gravity, The park is able to collect, treat, and hold runoff. Sitting on a three-degree angle—leaving not a single drop of rain wasted, the park is able to hold up to a million gallons of water during heavy rainfall.
曼谷是一座平坦的城市。通过利用地心引力的力量，公园能够可持续地收集、处理和蓄水，以减少周边地区的城市洪水风险。公园坐落在一个3度的渐变斜坡上，配备了几个生态组件，由绿色屋顶、湿地、留置草坪和贮水池组成，因此可以达到很高的蓄水量，雨水和径流通过公园的地形向下流动，形成一个完整的水循环系统。考虑到50年的回收期降水强度，在暴雨期间，通常是当公共排水系统不堪重负时，公园能够容纳100万加仑的水。该公园拥有可持续的排水系统、绿色屋顶、湿地和蓄水池，也成为了各种城市减洪景观解决方案的典范。该公园提醒了城市，公园将帮助城市面对气候变化，从而与水共存，而不是害怕水。
Bangkok is a flat city. By harnessing the power of gravity, the park is able to sustainably collect, treat and hold water to reduce urban flood risks in its surrounding areas. Sitting on a 3-degree gradual incline, the park equipped with several ecological components--consisting of the green roof, wetlands, detention lawns, and retention pond--leaving not a single drop of rain wasted. The rain and runoff are pulled down through the park‘s topography to generate a complete water circulation system. Taking into account a 50-year return period precipitation intensity, during heavy rainfall--oftentimes when the public sewage system is overwhelmed--the park is able to hold up to a million gallons of water. Featuring sustainable drainage systems, a green roof, wetlands, and a retention pond, the park is a example of various landscape solutions for urban flood reduction. The park reminds the city how a park can help city confronts climate change, to live with water, rather than fear it.
这是曼谷的第一个此类型的项目，垂直于公园的1.3公里长的公路经过了改造，交通工具优先级从汽车转向了步行和自行车。通过将4条车道缩小为2条，并将每条车道的长度从12米扩大到30米，这条曾经非常拥挤的街道现在无缝地将行人和骑自行车的人直接连接到周围的社区，以及连接城市主要住宅、娱乐和零售设施的道路。公园两侧还布置了雨水花园走廊，提供荫凉，减少路面的径流，该公园向曼谷展示了一个既方便行人又能进行商业开发的地区的可能性。
The first of its kind in Bangkok, the 1.3-kilometer road running perpendicular to the park was revamped to shift priority from cars over to foot and bicycles. By reducing four vehicle lanes into two and enlarging them each from 12 to 30 meters, the once heavily-congested street now seamlessly connects pedestrians and cyclists directly to surrounding neighborhoods and roadways linked to the city’s major residential, entertainment and retail facilities. Also lined with corridors of rain gardens on both side to provide shade and reduce runoff from the road surface, the park shows Bangkok the possibility of a pedestrian-friendly, yet commercially-developed area.
虽然几十年来气候变化一直是一个突出的问题，但我们无疑正在走向一个可持续发展和弹性的时代。一个公園无法控制整個城市的水灾，但這是第一步，而且是大胆的一步。然而，城市发展是不可避免的，人口也必然会增加，但作为景观设计师，我们有义务考虑所有可能的解决方案，为我们的未来带来希望。朱拉隆功百年公园给了我们一个希望，我们可以选择如何处理我们威胁的未来，同时允许新发现的景观建筑潜力出现的空间。当新的挑战出现时，我们只能看到新的机会萌生，让我们有所作为，拯救我们逐渐被淹没的家园。
While climate change has been a prominent issue for decades, we are undoubtedly moving towards an age of sustainability and resiliency. A single park can’t control flooding across an entire city, but this is the first step, and a big, bold one. Urban development is nonetheless inevitable and the population is bound to rise, but as landscape architects, it is our obligation to consider every possible solution and sign of hope for our future. The Chulalongkorn Centenary Park gives us a spark of aspiration in how we can choose to handle our threatening future while allowing room for newfound landscape architecture potential to emerge. As new challenges present itself, we can only see new opportunities sprung up for us to make a difference and save our sinking home.
▼项目图纸 Drawings
Project Name: Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park
Landscape Architect: LANDPROCESS Co.,Ltd.
Architectural Design: N7A architects Co,. Ltd.
Structural Engineering: (CASE) Civil And Structural Engineers Co.,Ltd.
MEP Engineering: EEC Engineering Network Co., Ltd. (EEC)
Main Contractor: Syntec Construction PCL.
Construction Manager: CONSULTING & MANAGEMENT 49 Co,. Ltd. (CM49)
Softscape Contractor: CORDIA Co., Ltd.
Graphic Designer: G49 Co.,Ltd.
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